IB ESS · 2021 to 2026

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

68 past paper questions from 31 papers across 17 exam sessions. See what repeats, then practise the same skills with AI marking.

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SL archive · 2017 to 2026

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

Latest exam session: May 2026

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questions
papers
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exam sessions
exam sessions
By year18micro-topics

Micro-topics in 2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

In syllabus order. The ring is the share of papers each appears in. 3 of them have no matching questions in this archive.

  • 2

    2.2.1

    Energy and matter in ecosystems

    1 question · in 2% of papers

    Less common

    last Nov 23 P2 TZ2

  • 2

    2.2.2

    The first law of thermodynamics

    1 question · in 2% of papers

    Less common

    last Nov 23 P2 TZ1

  • 4

    2.2.3

    Photosynthesis and respiration transform energy and matter

    2 questions · in 4% of papers

    Less common

    last May 23 P2 TZ2

  • 4

    2.2.4

    Photosynthesis: from light to biomass

    2 questions · in 4% of papers

    Less common

    last May 26 P2 TZ1

  • 8

    2.2.5

    Producers: the first trophic level

    4 questions · in 8% of papers

    Occasional

    last May 26 P2 TZ1

  • 0

    2.2.6

    Cellular respiration: releasing energy

    No question tagged to this topic in the 50 ESS papers analysed

    No matches in this archiveRevise it
  • 0

    2.2.7

    Respiration and heat

    No question tagged to this topic in the 50 ESS papers analysed

    No matches in this archiveRevise it
  • 2

    2.2.8

    The second law of thermodynamics

    1 question · in 2% of papers

    Less common

    last Nov 21 P2

  • 2

    2.2.9

    Consumers and their feeding strategies

    1 question · in 2% of papers

    Less common

    last May 25 P2 TZ3

  • 8

    2.2.10

    Producers and consumers in food chains

    4 questions · in 8% of papers

    Occasional

    last May 26 P1 TZ3

  • 10

    2.2.11

    Food chains and trophic levels

    5 questions · in 10% of papers

    Occasional

    last May 26 P2 TZ2

  • 4

    2.2.12

    Losses of energy and organic matter along food chains

    3 questions · in 4% of papers

    Less common

    last May 26 P2 TZ2

  • 18

    2.2.13

    Gross and net productivity

    12 questions · in 18% of papers

    Regular

    last May 26 P2 TZ2

  • 4

    2.2.14

    Why food chains are short

    2 questions · in 4% of papers

    Less common

    last May 26 P2 TZ1

  • 18

    2.2.15

    Food webs

    9 questions · in 18% of papers

    Regular

    last May 26 P2 TZ2

  • 2

    2.2.16

    Measuring biomass

    1 question · in 2% of papers

    Less common

    last May 21 P2

  • 12

    2.2.17

    Ecological pyramids

    6 questions · in 12% of papers

    Occasional

    last May 26 P2 TZ2

  • 14

    2.2.18

    Bioaccumulation and biomagnification

    11 questions · in 14% of papers

    Occasional

    last May 26 P2 TZ3

  • 4

    2.2.19

    Microplastics and pollutants

    2 questions · in 4% of papers

    Less common

    last May 26 P2 TZ1

  • 2

    2.2.20

    Human impacts on energy and matter

    1 question · in 2% of papers

    Less common

    last May 23 P2 TZ1

  • 0

    2.2.21

    Autotrophs and heterotrophs

    No question tagged to this topic in the 50 ESS papers analysed

    No matches in this archiveRevise it

Exam pattern

How often each micro-topic has been examined, year by year. Each label is explained under the grid.

Does it repeat?

Top 4 of 18 micro-topics for the next sitting. Numbers are questions per year.

fewermore

Micro-topic2017201820192020202120222023202420252026
2Bioaccumulation and biomagnification, 2017: 2 questions·Bioaccumulation and biomagnification, 2018: 0 questions1Bioaccumulation and biomagnification, 2019: 1 question·Bioaccumulation and biomagnification, 2020: 0 questions1Bioaccumulation and biomagnification, 2021: 1 question·Bioaccumulation and biomagnification, 2022: 0 questions4Bioaccumulation and biomagnification, 2023: 4 questions·Bioaccumulation and biomagnification, 2024: 0 questions·Bioaccumulation and biomagnification, 2025: 0 questions3Bioaccumulation and biomagnification, 2026: 3 questions
·Ecological pyramids, 2017: 0 questions·Ecological pyramids, 2018: 0 questions·Ecological pyramids, 2019: 0 questions·Ecological pyramids, 2020: 0 questions·Ecological pyramids, 2021: 0 questions·Ecological pyramids, 2022: 0 questions2Ecological pyramids, 2023: 2 questions2Ecological pyramids, 2024: 2 questions·Ecological pyramids, 2025: 0 questions2Ecological pyramids, 2026: 2 questions
1Producers and consumers in food chains, 2017: 1 question1Producers and consumers in food chains, 2018: 1 question·Producers and consumers in food chains, 2019: 0 questions·Producers and consumers in food chains, 2020: 0 questions·Producers and consumers in food chains, 2021: 0 questions·Producers and consumers in food chains, 2022: 0 questions·Producers and consumers in food chains, 2023: 0 questions·Producers and consumers in food chains, 2024: 0 questions·Producers and consumers in food chains, 2025: 0 questions2Producers and consumers in food chains, 2026: 2 questions
2Gross and net productivity, 2017: 2 questions·Gross and net productivity, 2018: 0 questions3Gross and net productivity, 2019: 3 questions2Gross and net productivity, 2020: 2 questions2Gross and net productivity, 2021: 2 questions·Gross and net productivity, 2022: 0 questions·Gross and net productivity, 2023: 0 questions2Gross and net productivity, 2024: 2 questions·Gross and net productivity, 2025: 0 questions1Gross and net productivity, 2026: 1 question

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Questions on 2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems, by exam session

Which papers asked about 2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems, and which question numbers. Open a paper to see them highlighted.

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Frequently asked questions

Short answers about this page.

Which ESS exam sessions are covered for 2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems?

18 exam sessions from 2017 to 2026, the latest May 2026. Every Paper 1 and 2 in every timezone is read and classified in full, which gives 31 papers in this archive.

Which 2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems topic comes up most?

Bioaccumulation and biomagnification (2.2.18): in 14% of papers, last seen May 26 P2 TZ3. Usually "Explain", worth about 3.7 marks in a paper that includes it.

Can I see the original question and mark scheme?

No. The wording belongs to the IB. You get the citation, the marks, the command term and the skill tested, plus our own matched practice questions with worked answers and AI marking.

What do "banker", "due" and "rising" mean?

Banker: examined in at least one sitting in four and still appearing. Due: regular before, but absent for the last two exam sessions. Rising: clearly more common in the last two years. Our classification of real papers, not an IB statistic.

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