Key Idea: Topic 1.4 is about whether human life and economies can continue without exceeding Earth’s limits. Exams usually want you to link environment ↔ society ↔ economy.
✅ Sustainability (triple bottom line)
Fast exam test: If nature/society/economy cannot bounce back after shocks → it is not sustainable.
⚖️ Environmental justice
In longer answers, show a chain: inequality → higher exposure/less protection → worse health/income → inequality grows (reinforcing feedback).
🌍 Sustainable development & indicators
👣 Footprints (key calculations idea)
If ecological footprint > biocapacity → biocapacity deficit (unsustainable).
🎯 SDGs (how to write this in exams)
Evaluation rule: write one strength + one limitation, then conclude with a balanced judgement.