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Ecosystems as open systems

Ecosystems as open systems is part of IB Environmental Systems and Societies Topic 2.1. Below you'll find links to free study notes, flashcards, and practice questions.

Read the full notes: Ecosystems as open systemsDetailed notes with diagrams, key terms, glossary, and exam tips
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More in Topic 2.1

2.1.1The biosphere2.1.2Organisms and species2.1.3Classification2.1.4Identification of organisms2.1.5Populations2.1.6Distribution: abiotic and biotic factors2.1.7Abiotic factors2.1.8Niches2.1.9Population interactions2.1.10Carrying capacity