Back to Topic 3.6 — Efficiency ratios (HL only)
3.6.2BM HL13 flashcards

Gearing ratio — debt/equity analysis (HL only)

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Card 1 of 133.6.2
3.6.2
Question

Gearing ratio formula?

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All 13 Flashcards — Gearing ratio — debt/equity analysis (HL only)

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Card 1definition

Question

Gearing ratio formula?

Answer

(Non-current liabilities ÷ Capital employed) × 100. CE = NCL + total equity.

💡 Hint

NCL ÷ CE × 100

Card 2concept

Question

High gearing: high risk but potential for ___. Low gearing: safe but may limit ___

Answer

Higher returns (leverage); growth opportunities.

💡 Hint

Returns vs growth

Card 3concept

Question

Six factors affecting gearing decisions?

Answer

Interest rates, business risk, growth stage, asset base, industry norms, owner preference.

💡 Hint

Rates, risk, growth, assets, industry, owner

Card 4concept

Question

Three risks of high gearing?

Answer

Higher interest payments reducing profit, vulnerable to rate rises, less flexibility, insolvency risk if profits fall.

💡 Hint

Interest + rates + insolvency

Card 5concept

Question

Link gearing to ___ and ___ analysis

Answer

Sources of finance (debt vs equity); liquidity analysis.

💡 Hint

Finance + liquidity

Card 6concept

Question

High gearing = above ___%. Low gearing = below ___%

Answer

50% (high debt reliance, high risk); 25% (mostly equity, low risk). 25-50% = moderate.

💡 Hint

50% high, 25% low

Card 7concept

Question

Two benefits of high gearing?

Answer

Interest is tax-deductible (cheaper than dividends); owners keep full control (no dilution).

💡 Hint

Tax-deductible + control

Card 8concept

Question

Stable businesses (utilities) can handle ___ gearing than volatile ones (startups)

Answer

Higher — predictable income can reliably cover interest payments.

💡 Hint

Higher

Card 9concept

Question

Gearing measures how reliant the business is on ___

Answer

Debt to finance its operations — proportion of capital from long-term borrowing.

💡 Hint

Debt reliance

Card 10concept

Question

No single 'correct' gearing level — what matters is ___

Answer

Whether the business can comfortably meet interest payments from operating profit.

💡 Hint

Can it pay interest?

Card 11concept

Question

Three benefits of low gearing?

Answer

Lower financial risk, more attractive to cautious investors, greater flexibility to borrow later.

💡 Hint

Low risk + attractive + flexible

Card 12example

Question

NCL $300k, equity $700k. Gearing?

Answer

CE = $1m. Gearing = ($300k ÷ $1m) × 100 = 30% — moderately geared.

💡 Hint

30%

Card 13example

Question

NCL $600k, equity $400k. Gearing?

Answer

CE = $1m. Gearing = ($600k ÷ $1m) × 100 = 60% — highly geared, higher risk.

💡 Hint

60%

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