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NotesESSTopic 6.3
Unit 6 · Atmosphere and Climate Change · Topic 6.3

IB ESS — Climate change—mitigation and adaptation

Topic 6.3 covers strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation) and adjusting to the effects of climate change (adaptation). Students evaluate international agreements, carbon trading, renewable energy transitions, and community-level adaptation measures.

6.3 FlashcardsExam technique guidePractice questions

Key concepts in Climate change—mitigation and adaptation

Key Idea: Topic 6.3 focuses on responses to climate change: **mitigation** (reduce causes) vs **adaptation** (reduce vulnerability), plus the role of international agreements and how **EVSs** shape climate decisions.

🧯 Mitigation vs adaptation

Mitigation: Cuts GHG emissions / increases sinks. Global benefits, needs cooperation. Examples: renewables, efficiency, CCS, afforestation.

Adaptation: Adjusts to impacts already happening. Local/regional benefits. Examples: sea walls, drought crops, flood planning, early warnings.

Mitigation tackles the **cause**; adaptation tackles the **effects**. Both are needed.

🌐 International agreements

🧠 EVSs and climate

✅ Exam Checklist

What you'll learn in Topic 6.3

  • 6.3.1 Mitigation strategies
  • 6.3.2 Adaptation strategies
  • 6.3.3 International agreements & EVSs

Exam relevance

ESS is assessed through Paper 1 (case study) and Paper 2 (short answer & structured questions). Concepts from this topic may appear in either paper, often combined with data analysis or real-world examples.

Suggested study order: Read the notes for each sub-topic below → test yourself with flashcards → attempt practice questions → review exam technique.

Study resources — 6.3 Climate change—mitigation and adaptation

6.3.1

Mitigation strategies

NotesFlashcards
6.3.2

Adaptation strategies

NotesFlashcards
6.3.3

International agreements & EVSs

NotesFlashcards

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Topic 6.3 Climate change—mitigation and adaptation forms a core part of Unit 6: Atmosphere and Climate Change in IB ESS. Mastering these concepts will strengthen your understanding of connected topics across the syllabus and prepare you for exam questions that require analysis, evaluation, and real-world application.

Frequently asked questions

What does Topic 6.3 Climate change—mitigation and adaptation cover in IB ESS?
Topic 6.3 covers climate change—mitigation and adaptation as part of the IB ESS syllabus. Students learn key concepts, definitions, and real-world examples that are tested in Paper 1 and Paper 2 exams.
How should I revise Climate change—mitigation and adaptation for IB ESS exams?
Start by reading the micro-topic notes to understand each concept, then use flashcards to memorise key terms. Practise exam-style questions to apply your knowledge under timed conditions and review the marking criteria.
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