A crisis of civilization?

Answer

His fear that when the complacent mass man rules and demands nothing, culture and liberty are left untended and decay.

Answer

Culture, science and liberty were built by effort and must be actively kept up — they don't look after themselves.

Answer

Confident ignorance, no deference to knowledge, and freedoms taken for granted really can weaken a culture.

Answer

Splitting people into 'select' and 'mass' and fearing ordinary people's power can be contempt for equality dressed as concern.

Answer

As ordinary people gained a say, many societies got fairer and freer — 'the masses shouldn't rule' has often served the powerful.

Answer

Take the warning about complacency and lost standards seriously; drop the contempt for ordinary people's equal say.

Answer

On Paper 2 — open-book, 1 hour: (a) Explain a concept [10] and (b) Evaluate a claim [15].

Answer

Part (a) Explain [10] = make a concept clear, no judgement; part (b) Evaluate [15] = argue both sides and reach a reasoned conclusion.