Unit 21: Paper 3 (HL) — History of Africa & the Middle East
Topic 21.9: Response to European imperialism (1870–1920) Questions
Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB History Topic 21.9. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.
1Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.1 - Q14
At which battle did Zulu forces under Cetshwayo defeat a modern British column in January 1879?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.1 - Q12
Who led the Mandinka (Wassoulou) Empire's resistance against French expansion in West Africa until his capture in 1898?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.1 - Q13
Which German commander issued an extermination order against the Herero during their 1904 uprising in German South-West Africa?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.2 - Q13
Choose the correct answer: Which Asantehene was arrested and exiled to the Seychelles during the Fourth Asante War of 1896?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.2 - Q14
Choose the correct answer: Why did Khama III of the Bangwato travel to London in 1895 to seek a British protectorate?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.1 - Q11
Which treaty did Italy claim gave it control over Ethiopia's foreign policy, leading to the war that ended at Adwa?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.2 - Q9
To what extent did the 1900 Buganda Agreement represent a genuine success for Buganda rather than merely a form of continued colonial control?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.2 - Q11
Choose the correct answer: In January 1879, which battle saw around 20,000 Zulu warriors overwhelm a British camp of about 1,800 troops?
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Unlock Question9Discuss15 marks
2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.2 - Q8
Discuss the view that resistance and collaboration were not opposite strategies but could serve the same underlying goal for African rulers between 1870 and 1920.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.2 - Q10
Analyse the role played by cultural and religious factors, as opposed to purely military or political factors, in African resistance to European imperialism between 1870 and 1920.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.1 - Q1
Examine the reasons why African states and peoples chose to resist European colonial rule between 1870 and 1920.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.2 - Q12
Choose the correct answer: What did Britain do with Zululand immediately after defeating Cetshwayo at Ulundi in 1879?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.2 - Q2
Evaluate the reasons for the failure of Zulu resistance to British invasion in 1879.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.1 - Q3
Discuss the impact of firearms and military technology on the outcomes of African resistance movements, 1870-1920.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.2 - Q1
Examine the reasons for the destruction of the Zulu kingdom under Cetshwayo between 1879 and 1887.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.1 - Q6
Analyse the reasons why the Zulu kingdom won the Battle of Isandlwana in 1879 but ultimately lost the Anglo-Zulu War.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.2 - Q4
To what extent was the Golden Stool incident of 1900 the most significant cause of the final Asante uprising against British rule?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.1 - Q7
Examine the reasons why the Asante Empire fought three separate wars against Britain between 1873 and 1900 before being annexed.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.1 - Q15
What event triggered the 1900 Asante war against Britain, known as the War of the Golden Stool?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.9.2 - Q5
Compare and contrast the reasons for African resistance to European rule in two states, each chosen from a different region, between 1870 and 1920.
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