Unit 21: Paper 3 (HL) — History of Africa & the Middle East
Topic 21.16: Social and cultural developments in Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries Questions
Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB History Topic 21.16. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.
1Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q12
Which leader founded the Sokoto Caliphate through jihad in 1804?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q13
What was the primary reason Africans broke away to found the African Independent Churches movement?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q16
Which Nigerian independent church movement of the 1920s-30s emphasized prayer, healing, and prophecy in the Yoruba language?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.2 - Q11
Which event in 1929 saw thousands of Igbo women organise mass protest against colonial taxation and the warrant chief system?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.2 - Q14
Approximately how many Indian labourers did the British bring to Kenya to build the Uganda Railway (1896-1901)?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q14
The 1929 Aba Women's War in Nigeria was primarily a protest against what?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q15
In Kenya, which religious force became dominant among peoples such as the Kikuyu and Luo from the 1890s onward, in the absence of a comparable Islamic state?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q3
Discuss the reasons for the growth of African Independent Churches in the twentieth century.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.2 - Q12
Which railway, completed in 1901, opened up Kenya's interior to European settlement and cash-crop farming?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q7
Examine the factors that limited the spread of Islam and Christianity in Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q9
To what extent did colonial rule transform traditional authority and social structures in Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.2 - Q15
Who founded the Green Belt Movement in Kenya in 1977, linking women's activism to environmental and political change?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.2 - Q13
Which Nigerian novelist wrote Things Fall Apart (1958) to reassert African cultural dignity against colonial stereotypes?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q1
Examine the reasons for the spread of Islam in West Africa in the nineteenth century.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q8
Discuss the view that Africans were active agents, rather than passive recipients, of religious and social change in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q10
Compare and contrast the impact of colonial rule on the political role of women in two African countries, each chosen from a different region.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.2 - Q10
To what extent was economic exploitation the main cause of migration within and into African colonies?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q2
Evaluate the impact of missionary activity on African societies in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.1 - Q4
To what extent did the Aba Women's War of 1929 mark a turning point in the political role of women in colonial Africa?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.16.2 - Q1
Examine the impact of colonial rule on the changing role of women in two African countries.
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