Unit 21: Paper 3 (HL) — History of Africa & the Middle East
Topic 21.11: 20th-century nationalist and independence movements in Africa Questions
Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB History Topic 21.11. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.
1Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.1 - Q11
Choose the correct answer: In which year did Portugal grant Angola independence?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.1 - Q14
Choose the correct answer: Which event in Kenya's independence struggle led Britain to declare a State of Emergency in 1952?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.2 - Q11
Which Angolan liberation movement was led by Agostinho Neto and was based mainly among the Mbundu people and urban intellectuals?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.1 - Q12
Choose the correct answer: Which organisation was SWAPO's armed wing, launched in 1966?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.2 - Q14
Which factor is most directly associated with Tanganyika's rapid and peaceful transition to independence in 1961?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.2 - Q12
What event in Portugal directly led to the acceleration of Angolan independence in 1974-75?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.1 - Q15
Choose the correct answer: Which two rival Angolan nationalist movements fought each other after independence in 1975, drawing in opposing Cold War backers?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.1 - Q13
Choose the correct answer: Who became president of Namibia upon independence in 1990?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.2 - Q15
Which two Angolan movements fought each other in a civil war that continued long after independence in 1975?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.2 - Q13
In what year did Namibia (South-West Africa) become independent, with Sam Nujoma as its first president?
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Unlock Question11Examine15 marks
2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.1 - Q1
Examine the reasons why armed struggle became the main path to independence in Angola.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.1 - Q2
Evaluate the reasons for the long delay in Namibian independence between 1966 and 1990.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.1 - Q3
Discuss the roles played by trade unions, the Mau Mau uprising and KANU in Kenya's path to independence.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.2 - Q1
Examine the reasons why some African territories achieved independence through negotiation while others required armed struggle.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.1 - Q4
To what extent was the collapse of the colonial power's own will to rule the decisive factor in achieving independence in Angola and Namibia?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.2 - Q2
Evaluate the impact of Cold War rivalry on the process of decolonisation in southern Africa.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.1 - Q5
Compare and contrast the methods used by nationalist movements in Namibia and Kenya to achieve independence.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.2 - Q3
Discuss the view that ethnic divisions were the main obstacle to a peaceful transition to independence in Angola.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.1 - Q6
Examine the reasons for the outbreak of the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 21.11.2 - Q4
To what extent was the involvement of foreign powers responsible for prolonging conflict in Angola and Namibia?
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