Unit 21: Paper 3 (HL) — History of Africa & the Middle East
Topic 21.11: 20th-century nationalist and independence movements in Africa Questions
Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB History Topic 21.11. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.
1Examine15 marks
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Examine the reasons why armed struggle became the main path to independence in Angola.
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Unlock Question2Evaluate15 marks
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Evaluate the reasons for the long delay in Namibian independence between 1966 and 1990.
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Unlock Question3Discuss15 marks
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Discuss the roles played by trade unions, the Mau Mau uprising and KANU in Kenya's path to independence.
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Examine the reasons why some African territories achieved independence through negotiation while others required armed struggle.
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To what extent was the collapse of the colonial power's own will to rule the decisive factor in achieving independence in Angola and Namibia?
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Evaluate the impact of Cold War rivalry on the process of decolonisation in southern Africa.
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Unlock Question7Compare and contrast15 marks
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Compare and contrast the methods used by nationalist movements in Namibia and Kenya to achieve independence.
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Discuss the view that ethnic divisions were the main obstacle to a peaceful transition to independence in Angola.
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Examine the reasons for the outbreak of the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya.
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To what extent was the involvement of foreign powers responsible for prolonging conflict in Angola and Namibia?
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Unlock Question11Discuss15 marks
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Discuss the view that internal disunity among nationalist movements was the main obstacle to a peaceful transition to independence in Angola.
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Compare and contrast the roles played by nationalist leaders in achieving independence in Tanganyika and Angola.
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Evaluate the relative importance of international pressure and armed resistance in ending South African rule over Namibia.
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Unlock Question14Analyse15 marks
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Analyse the reasons why Portugal refused to decolonise Angola until the mid-1970s.
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Unlock Question15Compare and contrast15 marks
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Compare and contrast the roles played by Jonas Savimbi in Angola and Jomo Kenyatta in Kenya in their countries' independence movements.
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To what extent did British repression of the Mau Mau uprising ultimately accelerate rather than delay Kenyan independence?
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Examine the role of the United Nations in bringing about the independence of Namibia (South-West Africa).
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Evaluate the reasons for the outbreak of civil war in Angola after 1975.
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Discuss the reasons why Tanganyika's transition to independence was largely peaceful.
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Unlock Question20To what extent15 marks
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To what extent was the length of an independence struggle determined by the presence of a European settler population?
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