War, Partition and Nehru's India (1942–1964)
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Flip to reveal answersWhat was the Cripps Mission (1942)?
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All 12 Flashcards — War, Partition and Nehru's India (1942–1964)
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Question
What was the Cripps Mission (1942)?
Answer
A British offer of future dominion status for India in exchange for wartime support, rejected by Congress as too little, too late.
Question
Why did Congress reject the Cripps Mission?
Answer
It only promised dominion status after the war, allowed provinces to opt out (threatening unity), and gave no immediate transfer of power.
Question
What was the Quit India campaign (1942)?
Answer
Congress's demand for immediate British withdrawal, launched after the Cripps talks failed; met with mass arrests and suppression.
Question
Who was Subhas Chandra Bose and what did he do?
Answer
A former Congress president who rejected non-violence, escaped India, and led the Indian National Army (INA) alongside Japan to fight British rule.
Question
What happened at Imphal-Kohima (1944)?
Answer
The INA and Japanese forces were decisively defeated by the British Indian Army, one of Japan's largest wartime defeats.
Question
Why did the INA trials (1945–46) matter even though the INA lost militarily?
Answer
They triggered huge public sympathy and protest in India, embarrassing British authority and showing cracks in control.
Question
Name three reasons British power was weakening by 1945.
Answer
Economic exhaustion from the war, a less imperially committed Labour government from 1945, and doubts about the loyalty of Indian troops (INA trials, 1946 naval mutiny).
Question
Who was Lord Mountbatten and what did he do?
Answer
The last Viceroy of India (from March 1947) who brought independence forward to August 1947 and accepted partition to avoid prolonged violence.
Question
What was the Radcliffe Line?
Answer
The hastily drawn border, announced after independence day, that split Punjab and Bengal between India and the new state of Pakistan.
Question
What was the human cost of partition?
Answer
An estimated 10–15 million people were displaced and around 1 million died in accompanying communal violence.
Question
How were the princely states integrated into India after 1947?
Answer
Mostly through peaceful negotiation, led by Sardar Patel, bringing over 500 states into the Indian union.
Question
Why did the Kashmir dispute begin and how did it end (1947–49)?
Answer
Kashmir's Hindu ruler acceded to India after a Pakistani-backed tribal invasion; war followed, ending in a 1949 UN-brokered ceasefire that left Kashmir divided and unresolved.
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Topic 20.10 hub
Nationalism and independence in India (1919–1964)
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