Back to Topic 20.10 — Nationalism and independence in India (1919–1964)
20.10.2History HL12 flashcards

War, Partition and Nehru's India (1942–1964)

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Card 1 of 1220.10.2
20.10.2
Question

What was the Cripps Mission (1942)?

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All 12 Flashcards — War, Partition and Nehru's India (1942–1964)

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Card 1definition

Question

What was the Cripps Mission (1942)?

Answer

A British offer of future dominion status for India in exchange for wartime support, rejected by Congress as too little, too late.

Card 2concept

Question

Why did Congress reject the Cripps Mission?

Answer

It only promised dominion status after the war, allowed provinces to opt out (threatening unity), and gave no immediate transfer of power.

Card 3definition

Question

What was the Quit India campaign (1942)?

Answer

Congress's demand for immediate British withdrawal, launched after the Cripps talks failed; met with mass arrests and suppression.

Card 4concept

Question

Who was Subhas Chandra Bose and what did he do?

Answer

A former Congress president who rejected non-violence, escaped India, and led the Indian National Army (INA) alongside Japan to fight British rule.

Card 5example

Question

What happened at Imphal-Kohima (1944)?

Answer

The INA and Japanese forces were decisively defeated by the British Indian Army, one of Japan's largest wartime defeats.

Card 6process

Question

Why did the INA trials (1945–46) matter even though the INA lost militarily?

Answer

They triggered huge public sympathy and protest in India, embarrassing British authority and showing cracks in control.

Card 7concept

Question

Name three reasons British power was weakening by 1945.

Answer

Economic exhaustion from the war, a less imperially committed Labour government from 1945, and doubts about the loyalty of Indian troops (INA trials, 1946 naval mutiny).

Card 8concept

Question

Who was Lord Mountbatten and what did he do?

Answer

The last Viceroy of India (from March 1947) who brought independence forward to August 1947 and accepted partition to avoid prolonged violence.

Card 9definition

Question

What was the Radcliffe Line?

Answer

The hastily drawn border, announced after independence day, that split Punjab and Bengal between India and the new state of Pakistan.

Card 10example

Question

What was the human cost of partition?

Answer

An estimated 10–15 million people were displaced and around 1 million died in accompanying communal violence.

Card 11process

Question

How were the princely states integrated into India after 1947?

Answer

Mostly through peaceful negotiation, led by Sardar Patel, bringing over 500 states into the Indian union.

Card 12comparison

Question

Why did the Kashmir dispute begin and how did it end (1947–49)?

Answer

Kashmir's Hindu ruler acceded to India after a Pakistani-backed tribal invasion; war followed, ending in a 1949 UN-brokered ceasefire that left Kashmir divided and unresolved.

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