Leaders of the modern era and African American life, 1865–1929
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Flip to reveal answersWhat was Theodore Roosevelt's 'Square Deal'?
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All 12 Flashcards — Leaders of the modern era and African American life, 1865–1929
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Question
What was Theodore Roosevelt's 'Square Deal'?
Answer
His programme of using federal power to regulate big business fairly for labour, business and consumers alike.
Question
Name one major action Roosevelt took against trusts.
Answer
He used the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up the Northern Securities railroad monopoly in 1904.
Question
What was Wilfrid Laurier's main political challenge as Canadian PM?
Answer
Holding together English and French Canada while promoting national unity and rapid growth.
Question
Why did Laurier lose the 1911 election?
Answer
His proposed reciprocity (free-trade) deal with the US alarmed English Canadians who feared weakened ties to Britain.
Question
What does 'pan o palo' mean in the context of Porfirio Díaz?
Answer
'Bread or the stick' — Díaz rewarded loyal supporters and violently crushed opponents to maintain order.
Question
What ultimately undid Díaz's modernization of Mexico?
Answer
Peasants lost communal land (ejidos) to haciendas and were excluded from the gains, causing the inequality that sparked the 1910 Revolution.
Question
What did Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) rule?
Answer
That racial segregation was constitutional as long as facilities were 'separate but equal', legalizing Jim Crow for decades.
Question
Compare Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois's strategies.
Answer
Washington favoured economic self-help and accepted short-term segregation (Atlanta Compromise); Du Bois demanded immediate full civil rights and co-founded the NAACP (1909).
Question
What was Marcus Garvey's UNIA?
Answer
The Universal Negro Improvement Association — promoted Black pride, self-reliance, Black-owned business and Pan-Africanism.
Question
What was the Great Migration?
Answer
The movement of over a million African Americans from the rural South to northern cities, roughly 1916–1930, seeking jobs and escaping Jim Crow.
Question
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
Answer
A 1920s flowering of African American literature, music (especially jazz) and art centred in Harlem, New York, expressing new Black pride and identity.
Question
What is the 'New South' and how did it relate to Black labour?
Answer
The post-Reconstruction South (after 1877), which promised industrial growth but remained largely agricultural, dependent on cheap Black labour through sharecropping and tenant farming.
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Topic 19.9 hub
The development of modern nations (1865–1929)
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