Back to Topic 19.17 — Civil rights and social movements in the Americas post-1945
19.17.2History HL12 flashcards

From King to Black Power — and the wider rights revolution

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Card 1 of 1219.17.2
19.17.2
Question

What did Dr Martin Luther King Jr found in 1957?

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All 12 Flashcards — From King to Black Power — and the wider rights revolution

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Card 1concept

Question

What did Dr Martin Luther King Jr found in 1957?

Answer

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), a network of Black churches organising non-violent protest across the South.

Card 2example

Question

What happened at Selma, Alabama in March 1965?

Answer

'Bloody Sunday' — peaceful voting-rights marchers were beaten by state troopers; the violence, shown on TV, helped push Congress to pass the Voting Rights Act months later.

Card 3comparison

Question

Name the three major pieces of US civil rights legislation, 1964-1968, and what each covered.

Answer

Civil Rights Act (1964) — segregation and employment discrimination; Voting Rights Act (1965) — voter registration; Fair Housing Act (1968) — housing discrimination.

Card 4comparison

Question

What did Malcolm X argue, and how did this differ from King?

Answer

He argued for self-defence 'by any means necessary' and Black self-determination through separate institutions, rejecting King's non-violent integrationism.

Card 5definition

Question

Who founded the Black Panther Party, and when?

Answer

Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, in Oakland, California, in 1966.

Card 6concept

Question

What was COINTELPRO?

Answer

An FBI programme of surveillance, infiltration and repression used against radical groups including the Black Panthers, intensified from 1967; it included the 1969 killing of Panther leader Fred Hampton.

Card 7example

Question

What book helped spark second-wave feminism, and who wrote it?

Answer

The Feminine Mystique (1963), by Betty Friedan, who went on to co-found the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966.

Card 8example

Question

What was Roe v Wade (1973)?

Answer

A US Supreme Court ruling that legalised abortion nationwide, a major legal victory for the feminist movement.

Card 9process

Question

How did Cesar Chavez win better contracts for farm workers by 1970?

Answer

He organised the Delano Grape Strike and a national consumer boycott of table grapes (1965-1970), pressuring growers into signing improved contracts.

Card 10definition

Question

What did the Immigration and Nationality Act (1965) change?

Answer

It scrapped the old quota system favouring European migrants, opening much larger legal migration from Latin America and Asia.

Card 11example

Question

Give two features of the 1960s-70s youth counter-culture.

Answer

Opposition to the Vietnam War/draft, and new music and communal gatherings such as Woodstock (1969); also linked to New Left groups like Students for a Democratic Society.

Card 12process

Question

Why did radical Black activism rise sharply after 1965 even though major civil rights laws had just been passed?

Answer

Because those laws ended legal segregation and protected voting rights but did not fix poverty, housing discrimination or police brutality in northern cities — the gap between legal and lived equality fuelled Black Power.

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