Nixon to Carter, and Canada's Quiet Revolution to the October Crisis
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Question
What was Watergate?
Answer
A break-in at the Democratic National Committee offices (1972) ordered by people connected to Nixon's re-election campaign, followed by a cover-up that Nixon helped direct.
Question
Was Nixon actually impeached?
Answer
No — the House Judiciary Committee approved articles of impeachment, but Nixon resigned on 9 August 1974 before the full House could vote.
Question
What did Ford do that damaged his own presidency?
Answer
He granted Nixon a full pardon for any crimes committed as president, which many Americans saw as unfair and cost Ford public trust.
Question
Name two of Carter's real domestic achievements.
Answer
Creation of the Department of Energy (1977) and deregulation of the airline and trucking industries.
Question
What is 'stagflation'?
Answer
A combination of high inflation and high unemployment happening at the same time — very hard to fix with normal economic policy.
Question
What was the Republican 'Southern strategy'?
Answer
An approach, used from Nixon onward, of appealing to white southern voters uneasy about civil rights, which shifted the once solidly Democratic South toward the Republican Party.
Question
What did Diefenbaker's government achieve for Canadian civil rights?
Answer
The Canadian Bill of Rights (1960) and extending the vote to Indigenous peoples without conditions (1960).
Question
What two major reforms did Pearson introduce?
Answer
Universal healthcare (Medicare, 1966) and Canada's new maple leaf flag (1965), replacing the old imperial-style ensign.
Question
What was the Quiet Revolution?
Answer
A rapid modernisation of Quebec from 1960 under premier Jean Lesage — the state took over from the Catholic Church in schools and hospitals, and Québécois national pride grew fast.
Question
What was the FLQ and what did it do in October 1970?
Answer
The Front de Libération du Québec, a radical separatist group, kidnapped diplomat James Cross and minister Pierre Laporte in October 1970; Laporte was murdered.
Question
How did Trudeau respond to the October Crisis?
Answer
He invoked the War Measures Act, deploying troops in Quebec and suspending civil liberties — the first peacetime use of the Act, ending the crisis but proving highly controversial.
Question
Compare Nixon's Watergate and Trudeau's October Crisis response.
Answer
Both involved a leader using extraordinary executive power that divided public opinion — Nixon abused power to cover up a crime, while Trudeau used emergency law to crush a violent separatist threat.
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Topic 19.15 hub
Political developments in the United States (1945–1980) and Canada (1945–1982)
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