Back to Topic 19.15 — Political developments in the United States (1945–1980) and Canada (1945–1982)
19.15.2History HL12 flashcards

Nixon to Carter, and Canada's Quiet Revolution to the October Crisis

Practice Flashcards

Flip to reveal answers
Card 1 of 1219.15.2
19.15.2
Question

What was Watergate?

Click to reveal answer

Track your progress — Sign up free to save your progress and get smart review reminders based on spaced repetition.

All 12 Flashcards — Nixon to Carter, and Canada's Quiet Revolution to the October Crisis

Sign up free to track progress and get spaced-repetition review schedules.

Card 1definition

Question

What was Watergate?

Answer

A break-in at the Democratic National Committee offices (1972) ordered by people connected to Nixon's re-election campaign, followed by a cover-up that Nixon helped direct.

Card 2concept

Question

Was Nixon actually impeached?

Answer

No — the House Judiciary Committee approved articles of impeachment, but Nixon resigned on 9 August 1974 before the full House could vote.

Card 3example

Question

What did Ford do that damaged his own presidency?

Answer

He granted Nixon a full pardon for any crimes committed as president, which many Americans saw as unfair and cost Ford public trust.

Card 4example

Question

Name two of Carter's real domestic achievements.

Answer

Creation of the Department of Energy (1977) and deregulation of the airline and trucking industries.

Card 5definition

Question

What is 'stagflation'?

Answer

A combination of high inflation and high unemployment happening at the same time — very hard to fix with normal economic policy.

Card 6concept

Question

What was the Republican 'Southern strategy'?

Answer

An approach, used from Nixon onward, of appealing to white southern voters uneasy about civil rights, which shifted the once solidly Democratic South toward the Republican Party.

Card 7example

Question

What did Diefenbaker's government achieve for Canadian civil rights?

Answer

The Canadian Bill of Rights (1960) and extending the vote to Indigenous peoples without conditions (1960).

Card 8example

Question

What two major reforms did Pearson introduce?

Answer

Universal healthcare (Medicare, 1966) and Canada's new maple leaf flag (1965), replacing the old imperial-style ensign.

Card 9process

Question

What was the Quiet Revolution?

Answer

A rapid modernisation of Quebec from 1960 under premier Jean Lesage — the state took over from the Catholic Church in schools and hospitals, and Québécois national pride grew fast.

Card 10definition

Question

What was the FLQ and what did it do in October 1970?

Answer

The Front de Libération du Québec, a radical separatist group, kidnapped diplomat James Cross and minister Pierre Laporte in October 1970; Laporte was murdered.

Card 11process

Question

How did Trudeau respond to the October Crisis?

Answer

He invoked the War Measures Act, deploying troops in Quebec and suspending civil liberties — the first peacetime use of the Act, ending the crisis but proving highly controversial.

Card 12comparison

Question

Compare Nixon's Watergate and Trudeau's October Crisis response.

Answer

Both involved a leader using extraordinary executive power that divided public opinion — Nixon abused power to cover up a crime, while Trudeau used emergency law to crush a violent separatist threat.

Track your progress with spaced repetition

Sign up free — Aimnova tells you exactly which cards to review and when, so you remember everything before your IB exam.

Start Free