Chile's Broken Democracy, Pinochet's Dictatorship, and Guerrillas in Colombia
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Flip to reveal answersWhat percentage of the vote did Salvador Allende win in the 1970 Chilean election?
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Question
What percentage of the vote did Salvador Allende win in the 1970 Chilean election?
Answer
About 36% — a narrow plurality, not a majority, ahead of two other candidates.
Question
What was 'la vía chilena al socialismo'?
Answer
The 'Chilean road to socialism' — Allende's plan to build socialism through legal, democratic means rather than armed revolution.
Question
What caused the October 1972 truckers' strike in Chile?
Answer
Truck owners and landowners, hit by land reform and price controls, went on strike, paralysing the transport of food and goods nationwide.
Question
What was the 'March of the Empty Pots'?
Answer
A December 1971 protest where Chilean women banged empty pots in the streets to protest food shortages under Allende's government.
Question
What role did the US play in Allende's overthrow?
Answer
Nixon and Kissinger ordered the CIA to make Chile's economy 'scream' by funding opposition media and parties and cutting off loans — covert pressure, not direct action.
Question
What happened on 11 September 1973 in Chile?
Answer
The armed forces launched a coup; air force jets bombed La Moneda palace and Allende died as troops closed in, bringing General Pinochet to power.
Question
Who were the 'Chicago Boys' and what did they do?
Answer
Chilean economists trained at the University of Chicago, given control of economic policy under Pinochet; they privatised industries, deregulated markets and cut state spending.
Question
What was DINA and what did it do?
Answer
Chile's secret police under Pinochet, which ran repression at home (e.g. the National Stadium detention centre) and abroad, including the 1976 assassination of Orlando Letelier in Washington DC.
Question
What was La Violencia in Colombia?
Answer
A brutal civil conflict (1948-1958) between Liberal and Conservative supporters that killed around 200,000 people, setting the stage for later guerrilla movements.
Question
How and when was the FARC founded?
Answer
After the Colombian army attacked the peasant community at Marquetalia in 1964, survivors led by Manuel Marulanda regrouped and formally founded the FARC in 1966.
Question
What was the 'preferential option for the poor'?
Answer
A commitment made by Latin American bishops at the 1968 Medellín Conference, calling the Catholic Church to actively side with the poor against unjust structures.
Question
Who was Gustavo Gutiérrez and why does he matter?
Answer
A Peruvian priest whose 1971 book 'A Theology of Liberation' named and shaped the liberation theology movement across Latin America.
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Topic 19.14 hub
Political developments in Latin America (1945–1980)
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