Unit 13: Paper 3 — History of Europe (HL)
Topic 13.5: Unification of Germany and Italy (1815–1871) Questions
Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB History (2028) Topic 13.5. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.
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Which set of measures did Klemens von Metternich introduce in 1819 to suppress German nationalist and liberal activity?
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Evaluate the claim that the Zollverein was the decisive cause of Prussian-led German unification.
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The 1819 Carlsbad Decrees, which banned nationalist student groups and imposed press censorship across the German Confederation, were passed after which event?
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What was the Pact of Plombières (1858)?
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Which elected assembly met from May 1848 to design a constitution for a united Germany?
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Discuss the view that Metternich's system of repression in the Vormarz period ultimately strengthened, rather than weakened, German nationalism.
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Discuss the view that the Frankfurt Parliament's choice of Kleindeutschland over Grossdeutschland was the main reason it failed to achieve German unification in 1848-49.
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Evaluate the claim that Cavour, not Garibaldi, was most responsible for the unification of Italy.
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To what extent was foreign intervention, rather than Italian effort, the decisive factor in Italian unification?
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Discuss the view that Italian unification was primarily a top-down political project by Piedmont's elite rather than a genuine popular nationalist movement.
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Evaluate the claim that Bismarck's diplomacy and leadership, rather than Prussia's military strength, were most responsible for German unification.
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To what extent was Austria's decline as a Great Power the key reason both Italy and Germany were able to unify between 1859 and 1871?
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To what extent do you agree with the claim that Metternich's post-1815 system was a highly effective method of controlling Europe, rather than a fragile system that only ever suppressed the symptoms of revolution?
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To what extent do you agree with the claim that the failure of Italian nationalist revolts between 1815 and 1844 was caused mainly by weaknesses within the nationalist movements themselves, rather than by Austrian repression?
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Evaluate the claim that the Congress of Vienna's settlement of Italy and Germany in 1815 made the eventual unification of both far more difficult, rather than being an insignificant or accidental barrier.
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Discuss the view that Mazzini's revolutionary republicanism was a more realistic path to Italian unification between 1831 and 1846 than Gioberti's proposal for a papal-led federation.
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Evaluate the claim that the papacy could never realistically have led Italian unification, making Gioberti's neo-Guelph vision impossible from the start rather than simply unlucky in its timing.
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How did Italy gain Rome to complete unification in 1870?
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Which Italian territory was placed under direct Austrian rule by the 1815 settlement, giving Vienna control of the richest and most industrious part of the peninsula?
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What territorial gain did Prussia receive at the 1815 Congress of Vienna that gave it an economic base no other German state could match?
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