Unit 13: Paper 3 — History of Europe (HL)
Topic 13.10: Democracy, authoritarianism and conflict in Spain (c.1920–2020) Questions
Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB History (2028) Topic 13.10. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.
1Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.1 - Q2
Choose the general who seized power in Spain in September 1923 with King Alfonso XIII's approval.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.1 - Q3
Choose the date on which Spain's Second Republic was declared, after Alfonso XIII left the country.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.3 - Q5
Which Basque separatist group declared a permanent end to armed activity in 2011, easing one of the two major regional tensions in post-Franco Spain?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.3 - Q2
In what year did Franco's own parliament pass the Law for Political Reform, opening the way to free elections?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.3 - Q1
Which Spanish politician, a former Francoist minister, founded Alianza Popular to give the political right a legal democratic outlet during the transition?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.3 - Q3
What was the main purpose of the 1977 Moncloa Pacts?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.2 - Q1
Choose the correct answer. Which general had originally been meant to lead the 1936 military coup before dying in a plane crash days into the rising, opening the way for Franco's rise to supreme command?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.2 - Q2
Choose the correct answer. By which month and year had Franco become Generalísimo, the single unifying commander of the Nationalist forces?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.2 - Q3
Choose the correct answer. What was the German air force unit that gave the Nationalists control of the skies and bombed the Basque town of Guernica in April 1937?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.2 - Q4
Choose the correct answer. What event in Barcelona in May 1937 illustrated deep divisions within the Republican side?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.3 - Q4
Which event confirmed Spain's continued membership of NATO after it had joined in 1982?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.2 - Q5
Choose the correct answer. What economic policy did Franco's regime pursue in the 1940s that contributed to the so-called "years of hunger"?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.1 - Q1
Choose the event in Spanish Morocco in 1921 that severely damaged the prestige of the Spanish army.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.1 - Q4
Choose the party, led by José María Gil-Robles, that became the largest single party after the 1933 election and led the 'Right-wing Biennium'.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.1 - Q5
Choose the right-wing monarchist leader whose assassination by government police officers in July 1936 convinced plotting generals the moment to act had come.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.2 - Q8
Discuss the view that economic factors were the decisive reason for Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.2 - Q9
To what extent do you agree with the claim that Franco's caution as a military commander was a strength rather than a weakness in the Nationalist war effort?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.2 - Q6
To what extent do you agree with the claim that foreign involvement was the most important reason for the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.2 - Q7
Evaluate the claim that Republican political disunity was more important than any Nationalist strength in explaining why the Nationalists won the Spanish Civil War.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 13.10.1 - Q8
Discuss the view that Gil-Robles and CEDA posed a genuine threat to Spanish democracy during 1933–1935.
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