Unit 12: Paper 3 — History of Asia and Oceania (HL)
Topic 12.7: The emergence of independent states in Southeast Asia (1900–1990) Questions
Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB History (2028) Topic 12.7. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.
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The Ethical Policy, announced by Queen Wilhelmina in 1901, promised which 'three pillars' of reform?
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In which year was the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) founded?
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What was PETA, formed by Japan in October 1943?
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In 1899, which Dutch writer published an influential essay arguing that the Netherlands owed Java a 'debt of honour' for wealth extracted through the Cultivation System?
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Which policy, introduced in 1830, forced Javanese farmers to devote part of their land or labour to growing export crops such as sugar, coffee, and indigo for the Dutch state?
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On what date did the Dutch colonial army surrender to invading Japanese forces in the Dutch East Indies?
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Budi Utomo, founded in 1908 by Javanese medical students in Batavia and led by Dr Sutomo, is best described as:
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Who stood beside Sukarno when the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read out on 17 August 1945?
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On what date did the Netherlands formally transfer sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia at the Round Table Conference?
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What change did Sukarno introduce by 1959 in response to a decade of political instability?
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What was the name of Sukarno's 1930 courtroom defence speech, delivered after his arrest as leader of the PNI?
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Where were most of the roughly 1,300 nationalists exiled following the crushing of the PKI revolts of 1926–27?
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The PRRI/Permesta revolts of 1957–58 were driven mainly by which grievance?
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Sarekat Dagang Islam, founded by Muslim batik traders in Surakarta to compete with Chinese merchants, was reorganised in 1911-12 under whose leadership into the mass movement Sarekat Islam?
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What event in December 1948 backfired on the Dutch by triggering decisive UN and US pressure against them?
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"Sukarno's move to Guided Democracy in 1959 was a necessary response to genuine crisis, not a personal power grab."
To what extent do you agree?
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"Indonesian independence in 1945 was won by decades of nationalist organising, not simply handed over by the chance collapse of Japan."
To what extent do you agree with this claim?
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Discuss the view that the 1949 transfer of sovereignty left Indonesia only partially free from Dutch influence.
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Evaluate the claim that armed struggle, not diplomacy, was the decisive factor in winning Indonesian independence between 1945 and 1949.
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Evaluate the claim that the Cultivation System (1830) was primarily an act of exploitation that brought little benefit to Indonesian society.
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