Unit 10: Paper 3 — History of Africa and the Middle East (HL)
Topic 10.7: Colonialism and crisis in Rwanda and the Congo (c.1875-2003) Questions
Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB History (2028) Topic 10.7. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.3 - Q3
Choose the leader of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), whose forces captured Kigali in July 1994 and ended the genocide.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.3 - Q2
Choose the Hutu militia that carried out most of the killing at roadblocks and in churches during the 1994 genocide, often using machetes.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.2 - Q3
What was agreed in the Arusha Accords, signed in August 1993?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.2 - Q4
Who was overthrown as Prime Minister and then murdered in January 1961 during the Congo Crisis, with Belgian and US complicity?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.2 - Q5
What name did Joseph-Désiré Mobutu give to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1971 as part of his personality cult and 'Authenticité' campaign?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.3 - Q1
Choose the event that triggered the start of mass killing in Rwanda in April 1994.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.3 - Q4
Choose the reason Laurent Kabila's government in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) came into conflict with Rwanda in 1998, triggering the Second Congo War.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.3 - Q5
Choose who succeeded Laurent Kabila as leader of the Democratic Republic of Congo after his assassination in January 2001.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.1 - Q1
Choose the correct answer. What was the Force Publique?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.1 - Q2
Choose the correct answer. In what year did the Belgian government take direct control of the Congo, ending King Leopold II's personal rule?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.1 - Q3
Choose the correct answer. Which Rwandan king is associated with expanding the ubuhake system and centralising royal power before colonial rule began?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.1 - Q4
Choose the correct answer. What was the main significance of the identity cards introduced in Rwanda in 1933–35?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.1 - Q5
Choose the correct answer. Which economic activity was the primary driver of Leopold II's exploitation of the Congo Free State in the 1890s and 1900s?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.2 - Q1
Which event forced an estimated 150,000–300,000 Tutsi into exile in neighbouring countries between 1959 and the early 1960s?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.2 - Q2
From which country did the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) launch its invasion of Rwanda on 1 October 1990?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.1 - Q6
Evaluate the claim that the Congo Free State under King Leopold II (1885–1908) should be considered an exceptional case of colonial brutality rather than simply a typical example of the Scramble for Africa.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.2 - Q9
To what extent do you agree that the Congo Crisis of 1960–1965 made Mobutu's subsequent dictatorship inevitable?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.1 - Q10
To what extent do you agree that economic exploitation, rather than racial ideology, was the primary driver of colonial policy in both the Congo and Rwanda before 1960?
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.1 - Q8
Discuss the view that Belgian colonial administrators, rather than pre-existing Rwandan social distinctions, were primarily responsible for turning Hutu and Tutsi identity into a rigid racial hierarchy.
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2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.7.1 - Q9
Evaluate the claim that Germany's rule over Rwanda (1885–1916) had little lasting impact compared with the Belgian rule that followed it.
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