Unit 10: Paper 3 — History of Africa and the Middle East (HL)
Topic 10.12: Modern developments in Ethiopia, Niger, Somalia, Tunisia, Zambia and Zimbabwe (c.1945–2020) Questions
Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB History (2028) Topic 10.12. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.
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In July 2023, a military coup in Niger removed which elected president?
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To what extent do you agree with the claim that state collapse, as seen in Somalia after 1991, was worse for economic development than authoritarian misrule, as seen in Zimbabwe after 2000?
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Discuss the view that Robert Mugabe's Gukurahundi campaign against ZAPU supporters in Matabeleland (1983-87) is best explained as an act of personal political ambition rather than as ethnic conflict or genuine security fear.
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To what extent do you agree that internal pressures, rather than external influence, were the main cause of the move to multi-party democracy in Africa in the 1980s and 1990s? Refer to ONE prescribed country you have studied.
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Evaluate the claim that Zimbabwe's transition to multi-party elections after 1980 represented a genuine democratization, in contrast to the earlier one-party authoritarian model seen elsewhere in Africa.
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Discuss the view that economic growth in this region generally failed to improve the lives of ordinary people, even in the most 'successful' economies.
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Which single export commodity did Zambia's economy depend on most heavily, leaving it exposed when world prices crashed in the 1970s?
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To what extent do you agree with the claim that violent independence struggles, rather than peaceful transfers of power, were the decisive factor in producing authoritarian rule in post-independence Africa?
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Approximately how many people are estimated to have died in the Ethiopian famine of 1983–1985, a crisis worsened by Derg government policy rather than drought alone?
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In 1993, a battle in Mogadishu that became known as 'Black Hawk Down' led directly to which outcome?
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How did the Ethiopian government primarily fund the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), begun in 2011, when foreign loans proved insufficient?
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Evaluate the claim that economic diversification, rather than political stability, was the decisive factor determining whether growth was sustained in Africa between 1945 and 2020.
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Evaluate the claim that colonial rule, rather than the actions of individual leaders, was the primary cause of authoritarian rule in Africa after independence. Refer to ONE prescribed country you have studied.
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To what extent do you agree with the claim that authoritarian government was necessary for economic growth in Africa between 1945 and 2020?
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Which regime governed Ethiopia from 1974 to 1991, before the EPRDF took power?
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What triggered the collapse of the Zambian government's revenue base in the 1970s-80s?
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Which Ethiopian leader is most closely associated with designing the 'developmental state' model of government-directed industrialisation?
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What filled the gap left by the total collapse of Somalia's central government after the fall of Siad Barre in 1991?
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In Zambia's transition to multi-party democracy, who won the 1991 election against Kaunda's UNIP?
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Which pair correctly matches an African leader with the method by which he first came to power?
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