Unit 10: Paper 3 — History of Africa and the Middle East (HL)
Topic 10.11: Revolution, reform and foreign relations in the Middle East (c.1945–2020) Questions
Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB History (2028) Topic 10.11. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.
1Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.1 - Q3
Which secret police force did the Shah rely on to crush dissent through surveillance, censorship, and torture?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question2Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.2 - Q2
Which event, in March 1988, saw Iraq use chemical weapons against Kurdish civilians, killing thousands within hours?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question3Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.3 - Q3
Choose the correct answer. What event in December 2010 is widely seen as directly inspiring the start of protests in Egypt in January 2011?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question4Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.1 - Q1
Which industry did Mohammad Mosaddeq nationalize as prime minister of Iran, provoking British opposition?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question5Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.1 - Q5
How many Americans were held hostage for 444 days after militant students seized the US Embassy in Tehran in November 1979?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question6Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.3 - Q2
Choose the correct answer. In which year was Anwar Sadat assassinated during a military parade?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question7Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.2 - Q3
In which year did Gamal Abdel Nasser become Egypt's undisputed leader after outmanoeuvring his rivals following the Free Officers coup?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question8Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.3 - Q5
Choose the correct answer. What happened to the US and French Multinational Force in Lebanon in October 1983?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question9Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.1 - Q2
In what year did the CIA- and British-organized coup, Operation Ajax, remove Mosaddeq and restore full power to the Shah?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question10Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.3 - Q1
Choose the correct answer. Which policy did Anwar Sadat launch to open Egypt's economy to private and foreign investment?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question11Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.2 - Q1
On what date did Iraq invade Iran, beginning the Iran–Iraq War?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question12Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.1 - Q4
What event in September 1978, in which troops fired on protesters in Tehran, is credited with radicalizing opposition to the Shah?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question13Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.3 - Q4
Choose the correct answer. Which regional power sent Revolutionary Guard trainers into Lebanon after 1979, providing the foundation for Hezbollah?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question14Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.2 - Q4
What was the outcome of the 1956 Suez Crisis for Nasser?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question15Choose1 mark
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.2 - Q5
Which Gulf states provided major financial backing to Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War, fearing that Iran's revolution would spread Shia uprisings to their own populations?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question16Discuss15 marks
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.3 - Q8
Discuss the view that Lebanon's Civil War was caused mainly by outside intervention rather than internal weaknesses.
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question17Evaluate15 marks
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.3 - Q9
Evaluate the claim that Hezbollah's rise was primarily a product of Iranian intervention rather than local Lebanese conditions.
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question18To what extent15 marks
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.3 - Q7
To what extent was Hosni Mubarak's authoritarian style of rule the main cause of the 2011 Egyptian revolution?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question19Evaluate15 marks
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.3 - Q6
Evaluate the claim that Anwar Sadat's foreign policy achievements outweighed the domestic costs of his rule.
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock Question20To what extent15 marks
2026• Aimnova original vault - 10.11.3 - Q10
To what extent do you agree that foreign intervention in Lebanon and Egypt achieved its intended goals in the period covered by this study?
Markscheme and model answer locked
Unlock QuestionReady to practice Topic 10.11?
Get instant AI feedback on your answers, view detailed markschemes, and track your progress across all IB History (2028) topics.