How did authoritarian rule affect people's lives?

Economic effects, social effects, experiences of women, experiences of marginalized groups.

The government directly controlling economic decisions, such as production targets and resource allocation.

Forcing farmers to pool their land and labour into state-run communes instead of farming individually.

Literally 'shirtless ones' — Perón's nickname for his loyal working-class supporters in Argentina.

He redistributed wealth from landowners and exporters to workers through higher wages, welfare spending and union support.

Mao's 1958–1962 campaign to rapidly industrialize China through collectivized farming and backyard steel production; it caused a devastating famine.

It banned arranged marriage, child marriage and concubinage, and allowed divorce — giving women new legal equality.

The right to vote, championed by Eva Perón ('Evita'), who also ran a major charitable foundation for the poor.

Mao's term for landlords, rich peasants and anyone accused of opposing Communist rule — targeted in land-reform persecution.

Both persecuted defined 'outsiders' for the regime's goals — but Nazi Germany targeted people by race (Jews, Roma), while Mao's China targeted people by class (landlords, 'class enemies').

Both gained genuine new legal rights (suffrage in Argentina, marriage/property rights in China), but in both cases real political power stayed with the male leader.

The regime sets an economic target (e.g. industrial growth), which requires tighter social control (e.g. rationing, communes) to enforce it — creating winners and losers.