Indochina refugee crisis — different groups' experiences
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Question
Who were the 'boat people'?
Answer
Vietnamese refugees who fled by sea in small, overcrowded boats after 1975, mainly former South Vietnamese officials and soldiers fearing re-education camps.
Question
Why did the Hoa flee Vietnam?
Answer
As ethnic Chinese, they were treated as a security risk after the 1978-79 China-Vietnam border war; over 250,000 fled or were pushed across the border.
Question
Who were the Montagnard and why were they persecuted?
Answer
Highland peoples of Vietnam's Central Highlands who had allied with US/South Vietnamese forces; persecuted after 1975 for wartime loyalty and had their land seized.
Question
What was the Khmer Rouge and when did it rule?
Answer
The communist regime under Pol Pot that ruled Cambodia from April 1975 to January 1979, forcing millions into rural labour camps.
Question
What were the 'Killing Fields'?
Answer
The sites and period of mass death under Khmer Rouge rule (1975-79), when 1.5-2 million Cambodians died from execution, starvation and overwork.
Question
Why were the Cham targeted especially harshly?
Answer
As Cambodia's Muslim minority, the Khmer Rouge banned their religion, language and dress; roughly half the Cham population died, a higher rate than Cambodians overall.
Question
Who were the Pathet Lao?
Answer
The Laotian communist movement that took power in December 1975, prompting around 10% of the entire population to eventually flee.
Question
Why were the Hmong specifically targeted after 1975?
Answer
The CIA had recruited and armed Hmong fighters (the 'Secret Army') against the Pathet Lao during the Vietnam War, so the new regime treated them as traitors.
Question
Compare the Hmong and the Montagnard.
Answer
Both were highland peoples who fought alongside US-backed forces and were persecuted for that wartime alliance after 1975 — Hmong in Laos, Montagnard in Vietnam.
Question
What is the Paper 1 Q1 skill (content)?
Answer
Explaining what a source's content actually says or shows, with specific details linked directly to the inquiry question.
Question
What is the Paper 1 Q2 skill (context)?
Answer
Analysing how a source's origin, purpose, time and place shape what it can reliably be used to show.
Question
What is the Paper 1 Q3 skill (perspectives)?
Answer
Examining how viewpoints across multiple sources agree or differ, explaining why, and using that to answer the inquiry question.
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Topic 4.2 hub
Indochina refugee crisis (1975–1990)
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