Environmental justice

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The fair sharing of environmental benefits and harms across people, countries and generations, and the demand that causers bear costs and the vulnerable have a voice.

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Those who benefit least — poor and marginalised communities, indigenous peoples, poorer countries, and future generations who cannot consent.

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Between countries (rich pollute, poor suffer), within countries (harm on marginalised communities), intergenerational, and indigenous peoples.

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When environmental harms — pollution, waste, toxic sites — fall disproportionately on racial or ethnic minority communities.

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Fairness between generations — not harming future people for present gain, even though they cannot vote or consent to today's decisions.

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Those who cause environmental harm should bear its costs, through taxes, clean-up duties, compensation and funding for the harmed.

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Because the powerful enjoy the benefits of using the environment while the powerless — who can't refuse or resist — bear the costs.

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That causers and beneficiaries bear the costs, the vulnerable have a real voice, the harmed are compensated, and future generations are protected.

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Future generations cannot vote, negotiate or consent, yet today's choices shape their world — so protecting them means deliberately building their interests into decisions.

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Because the harm is imposed unfairly on those who benefit least and rarely consented, so addressing it is owed to them, not a favour.

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Because compensation alone treats the symptom; giving affected communities real say and consent corrects the power imbalance that let the harm be imposed.