Forced migration and displacement
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Question
Define forced migration.
Answer
Movement that people are **compelled** to make by a serious threat to life or livelihood -- they have no real choice.
Question
How does forced migration differ from voluntary migration?
Answer
Forced migrants are **pushed out** by danger; voluntary migrants move by **choice** (e.g. for work).
Question
What is a refugee?
Answer
A forced migrant who has **crossed an international border** to seek safety.
Question
What is an internally displaced person (IDP)?
Answer
Someone forced to flee who **remains inside their own country**.
Question
Name the four main types of cause of forced migration.
Answer
**Political** (conflict, persecution), **environmental** (drought, flooding), **social** (persecution of a group) and **developmental** (dams, mines).
Question
How does armed conflict force people to migrate?
Answer
Violence destroys homes and threatens lives, so people flee for **safety**.
Question
How does drought force people to migrate?
Answer
Crops fail and water runs out, so people leave to **survive**.
Question
Give one environmental effect of large refugee camps.
Answer
They strip nearby land for fuelwood and **pollute or overuse water**, degrading the local environment.
Question
Give one political effect of forced migration.
Answer
A sudden influx can **strain a host country** and raise tensions or instability.
Question
Name a real conflict-driven forced migration.
Answer
**Syria** -- civil war from 2011 forced over 6 million people abroad as refugees.
Question
Name a real developmental forced migration.
Answer
**Three Gorges Dam, China** -- reservoir flooding relocated over 1 million residents.
Question
On an infographic, what does 'work out the increase' mean?
Answer
**Subtract** the earlier year's value from the later year's value, and quote the units.
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Topic 1.2 hub
Changing populations and places
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Geography exam skills
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