IB ESS — Topic 5.1

Soil systems

Topic 5.1 explores soil formation, soil profiles, and the physical and chemical properties that determine soil fertility. Students study the role of organisms in soil systems, nutrient cycling in soils, and how human land use affects soil health and productivity.

Sub-topics in Topic 5.1

5.1.1Soil formation and composition5.1.2Soil properties5.1.3Soil profiles and horizons5.1.4Soil and productivity5.1.5Soil degradation

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