Unit 9: HL Lenses
Topic 9.3: Environmental Ethics Questions
Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB ESS Topic 9.3. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.
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Define intrinsic value in an environmental context.
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What does intrinsic value mean when applied to nature?
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Define the term environmental justice.
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Outline two ethical tensions that commonly appear in environmental policy-making.
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Define the term anthropocentrism.
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Suggest one challenge of implementing Rights of Nature in practice.
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Explain how traditional ecological knowledge can improve conservation management decisions.
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Suggest two reasons why conservation projects without local participation may fail even if they are scientifically well designed.
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Outline one emerging justice issue linked to global climate policy and explain why it is controversial.
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Outline the meaning of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) and why it matters for conservation projects.
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Explain how ecosystem service valuation reflects an instrumental value approach.
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Explain how an ecocentric perspective could change conservation priorities compared with an anthropocentric perspective.
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Explain how utilitarianism could justify a controversial environmental project.
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Outline how a deontological approach could lead to different conclusions from utilitarianism in conservation.
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Explain why virtue ethics may emphasise different actions in environmental decision-making compared with rule-based ethics.
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Distinguish between instrumental value and existence value, using one example.
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Outline what is meant by Rights of Nature and suggest one potential advantage of this approach.
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Explain how existence value can influence conservation even when an ecosystem has no direct use value to most people.
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