Unit 9: HL Lenses

Topic 9.2: Environmental Economics Questions

Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB ESS Topic 9.2. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.

1define3 marks
2026
Define the term negative externality.
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2define2 marks
2026
Define the term cost-benefit analysis.
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3Choose1 mark
Which statement defines a negative externality in environmental economics?
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4Choose1 mark
Which set names the three pillars of sustainable development?
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5outline4 marks
2026
Outline the three pillars of sustainable development and one tension between them.
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6Choose1 mark
What does a cost-benefit analysis do?
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7define3 marks
2026
Define the term circular economy.
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8distinguish4 marks
2026
Distinguish between direct use value and non-use value, with one example of each.
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9explain4 marks
2026
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of a carbon tax.
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10suggest4 marks
2026
Suggest two ways a circular economy could reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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11distinguish4 marks
2026
Distinguish between a public good and a common-access resource using environmental examples.
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12outline4 marks
2026
Outline one limitation of using taxes to correct negative externalities.
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13Choose1 mark
Why might a subsidy for renewable electricity fail to cut emissions as much as expected?
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14distinguish4 marks
2026
Distinguish between price certainty and quantity certainty in the context of carbon taxes and cap-and-trade.
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15suggest3 marks
2026
Suggest one reason why travel cost estimates may underestimate the value of a protected area.
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16explain4 marks
2026
Explain why air pollution from a factory can be described as a market failure.
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17suggest4 marks
2026
Suggest two reasons why governments may choose regulation instead of market-based instruments to reduce pollution.
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18describe4 marks
2026
Describe two valuation methods that could be used to estimate the value of a wetland ecosystem service.
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19outline6 marks
2026
Outline two limitations of monetising biodiversity in cost-benefit analysis.
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20explain4 marks
2026
Explain why irreversible environmental damage challenges the logic of simple cost-benefit comparisons.
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