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NotesESS HLTopic 2.6
Unit 2 · Ecology · Topic 2.6

IB ESS HL — Human impacts

HL Topic 2.6 extends the analysis of human impacts on ecosystems with more complex case studies, quantitative environmental impact assessments, and deeper evaluation of the effectiveness of remediation and restoration strategies across different ecological contexts.

2.6 FlashcardsExam technique guidePractice questions

What you'll learn in Topic 2.6

  • 2.6.1 Human impact on ecosystems
  • 2.6.2 Habitat destruction & fragmentation
  • 2.6.3 Overexploitation
  • 2.6.4 Pollution
  • 2.6.5 Invasive species
  • 2.6.6 Climate change
  • 2.6.7 How humans change energy and matter
  • 2.6.8 Human impacts

Exam relevance

At Higher Level, ESS includes an extended essay component and deeper analytical questioning. Expect longer data-response questions and more complex case study scenarios in both Paper 1 and Paper 2.

Suggested study order: Read the notes for each sub-topic below → test yourself with flashcards → attempt practice questions → review exam technique.

Study resources — 2.6 Human impacts

2.6.1

Human impact on ecosystems

NotesFlashcards
2.6.2

Habitat destruction & fragmentation

NotesFlashcards
2.6.3

Overexploitation

NotesFlashcards
2.6.4

Pollution

NotesFlashcards
2.6.5

Invasive species

NotesFlashcards
2.6.6

Climate change

NotesFlashcards
2.6.7

How humans change energy and matter

NotesFlashcards
2.6.8

Human impacts

NotesFlashcards

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Topic 2.6 Human impacts forms a core part of Unit 2: Ecology in IB ESS HL. Mastering these concepts will strengthen your understanding of connected topics across the syllabus and prepare you for exam questions that require analysis, evaluation, and real-world application.

Frequently asked questions

What does Topic 2.6 Human impacts cover in IB ESS?
Topic 2.6 covers human impacts as part of the IB ESS syllabus. Students learn key concepts, definitions, and real-world examples that are tested in Paper 1 and Paper 2 exams.
How should I revise Human impacts for IB ESS exams?
Start by reading the micro-topic notes to understand each concept, then use flashcards to memorise key terms. Practise exam-style questions to apply your knowledge under timed conditions and review the marking criteria.
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