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All 10 Flashcards — Sustainability indicators
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Question
Define sustainable development.
Answer
Improving lives today while ensuring future generations can also meet their needs, within environmental limits.
💡 Hint
Today + future + limits.
Question
Why is GDP per capita not enough for sustainability?
Answer
It ignores inequality and environmental impacts, so it cannot show whether development is sustainable.
💡 Hint
GDP misses environment/inequality.
Question
Why is GDP per capita limited as a development measure?
Answer
It does not show inequality, environmental damage, or well-being beyond income.
💡 Hint
GDP misses key factors.
Question
What is the Gini coefficient used for?
Answer
Measuring income inequality (lower value means more equal).
💡 Hint
Lower = more equal.
Question
Why do we use multiple indicators?
Answer
No single indicator shows the full picture, so we combine social, economic, and environmental measures.
💡 Hint
Multiple measures.
Question
What is an indicator?
Answer
A measure of one specific aspect of development or sustainability (social, economic, or environmental).
💡 Hint
One measure.
Question
What does HDI measure (3 parts)?
Answer
Life expectancy, education (years of schooling), and income per person.
💡 Hint
Health + education + income.
Question
HDI values range between what numbers?
Answer
0 to 1, where higher values indicate higher human development.
💡 Hint
0–1 scale.
Question
For many environmental indicators, is higher or lower better?
Answer
Lower is usually better (pollution, emissions, extinction rate).
💡 Hint
Lower = better.
Question
What does PHDI add to HDI?
Answer
It adjusts for planetary pressures using CO2 emissions and material footprint, showing environmental cost of development.
💡 Hint
HDI minus environmental pressure.
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