The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 17 goals agreed by the United Nations in 2015, to be met by 2030.
Goals that come up in Paper 2
SDG 1 and 2
No poverty; zero hunger.
SDG 3 and 4
Good health and well-being; quality education.
SDG 7
Affordable and clean energy.
SDG 8 and 10
Decent work and economic growth; reduced inequalities.
SDG 13
Climate action.
The points to remember
- Name the goal and its number when you write about it.
- Progress is measured with indicators: the share with electricity, child deaths, school years.
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Progress on one goal can help or hurt another.
Goals that support each other
- Clean water (SDG 6) improves health (SDG 3).
- Education (SDG 4) raises incomes (SDG 1).
- Clean energy (SDG 7) helps climate action (SDG 13).
Goals that can clash
- Fast growth (SDG 8) can raise emissions (SDG 13).
- More farmland for food (SDG 2) can mean less forest.
- Cheap coal power reaches more people (SDG 7) but pollutes.
The points to remember
- Write it like this: "Progress towards SDG 7 also supports SDG 4, but more coal power works against SDG 13."
- A good judgement weighs who gains and what is traded off.
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Paper 2 asked about progress on a goal in all three May 2026 time zones, as part (g) for 15 marks.
Text B reports that the share of Kalvia's population with electricity rose from 60% to 85% in ten years, helped by subsidies for rural solar panels, though most power still comes from coal.
Using information from the text/data and your knowledge of economics, discuss Kalvia's progress towards affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all (SDG 7).
Model answer plan
See the answer broken into clear points, with guidance on how each point earns marks.
How the 15 marks are given
| Marks | What your answer needs |
|---|---|
| 13–15 | Theory fully explained, terms right all the way through, balanced evaluation, real examples fully developed to support the argument |
| 10–12 | Theory explained, terms mostly right, evaluation mostly balanced, real examples developed |
| 7–9 | Theory partly explained, some evaluation but one-sided, examples partly developed |
| 4–6 | Theory only described, evaluation superficial, examples only named |
| 1–3 | Theory stated but not relevant, no evaluation |