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The security trade
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All Flashcards in Topic 5.2
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5.2.14 cards
The security trade
Every measure buys real security and spends privacy, a new way in, or a power that outlasts the emergency.
The security ratchet
Removing a power means arguing publicly that the threat has gone, so measures are extended rather than repealed.
How to judge a security measure
By what it will be used for in ten years, not by this emergency — and attach a review date.
Why a reporting duty is cheap in rights terms
It collects from organisations rather than from people, so it corrects an incentive instead of removing a right.
5.2.24 cards
The four rungs of participation
Told, asked, heard, deciding.
Where most of the power sits
In setting the question. A consultation on somebody else's options hands over much less than it appears to.
The test for a real consultation
A published response saying what changed as a result and what did not.
What skews participation
Time, confidence, the language of the process, and what people happen to be shown.
5.2.34 cards
The four entry points for discrimination
Who is in the data, what it was trained to predict, how fairness was tested, and how the output is used.
Why more data is not enough
It reaches only the first entry point; the label still encodes the past decision the system learned from.
Why separate fairness tests fail
Each averages over everybody with that characteristic, so a small intersection disappears into the average.
When advice becomes a decision
When the person reading it has thirty seconds and has to justify disagreeing with it.
Topic 5.2 study notes
Full notes & explanations for Governance and human rights
Digital Society exam skills
Paper structures, command terms & tips
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