Political

A shared message that opponents and journalists could check — the accountability came with the inefficiency.

Each message is seen only by its group, so promises cannot be placed side by side.

Visibility — anybody can see what was said to whom, without restoring the shared audience.

Participation tools are optional and small; scrutiny losses reach every voter, including those who use none of these tools.

Available at any hour, identical for everybody, much cheaper, and traceable.

The official who could see that a case was unusual and do something about it.

It becomes the key to everything, so a single exclusion removes access to many services at once.

A real, reachable route to a person who can decide differently.

Infrastructure attacks, information attacks, autonomous weapons, and dependence on private infrastructure.

Every rule about conflict assumes you know who acted, and digital conflict is designed to be deniable.

A wrong selection has no person whose decision it was, so no one can be held responsible.

A company's commercial decision about service coverage can become a military decision — an arrangement no rule anticipated.

A rule can only be written after a harm appears and is measured, and each step takes years.

Name the technology, state principles, or sort by the risk of the use.

They govern by use rather than by name, so a system invented tomorrow is covered the day it is used for a risky purpose.

When the market is worth more to the company than the cost of complying — which makes reach a function of market size.