Topic 6.1: Programming fundamentals Questions

A form stores a person's middle initial and their full surname. Distinguish between the char and string data types.

A programmer names a variable totalScore and a method addPoints. Define the term identifier.

Determine the output of this Java code. String s = "DATABASE"; String r = ""; for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) { if (s.charAt(i) != 'A') { r = r + s.charAt(i); } } System.out.println(r);

Determine the output of this Java code. String s = "ALGORITHM"; System.out.println(s.length());

Determine the output of this Java code. String s = "DATABASE"; int c = 0; for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) { if (s.charAt(i) == 'A') { c = c + 1; } } System.out.println(c);

Determine the output of this Python code. s = 'DATABASE' r = '' for ch in s: if ch != 'A': r = r + ch print(r)

Determine the output of this Python code. s = 'ALGORITHM' print(len(s))

Determine the output of this Python code. s = 'DATABASE' c = 0 for ch in s: if ch == 'A': c = c + 1 print(c)

A palindrome check compares the first and last characters of a string, moves both positions one step inward, and repeats; it reports a palindrome only if every pair matches exactly. Determine whether the check reports 'Never odd or even' as a palindrome, and explain.

A ticket system stores each date as one string in the form year-month-day, for example 2026-03-14. A method has been written that rewrites the date as day/month/year, so 2026-03-14 becomes 14/03/2026. Describe the steps involved in this method.

A school stores email addresses such as lisa.nowak@school.org. A method has been written that rewrites each address as the domain, a colon, a space and then the username, so lisa.nowak@school.org becomes school.org: lisa.nowak. Describe the steps involved in this method.

Determine the output of this Java code. public class Demo { static int x = 5; static void change() { int x = 10; } public static void main(String[] args) { change(); System.out.println(x); } }

Determine the output of this Python code. x = 5 def change(): x = 10 change() print(x)

Write a Python program that reads a student's five marks, works out the mean, and outputs the mean and whether it is a pass at 50.

Explain the difference between static and dynamic typing, with one advantage of each.

State the value of X after: X = 5; X = X + 3; X = X * 2.

A physics simulation updates the speed of 5 000 particles many times a second, using a double for each speed. Outline one advantage of using a primitive data type for this.

A cinema program stores how many tickets are left for a showing. State a suitable data type for this variable.

A program checks whether a number n is even. State the condition it should test, using mod.

In a Java or Python program, int and boolean are described as primitive data types. Define the term primitive data type.