Back to Topic 2.1 — Introduction to human resource management

2.1.8BM18 flashcards

Appraisal and labour turnover in practice (HL only)

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Card 1 of 182.1.8

2.1.8

Question

Three causes of high labour turnover?

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All 18 Flashcards — Appraisal and labour turnover in practice (HL only)

Card 1concept

Question

Three causes of high labour turnover?

Answer

Low pay, lack of progression, poor management, boring work, better opportunities elsewhere.

💡 Hint

Pay, progression, management

Card 2definition

Question

Labour turnover formula?

Answer

(Number of staff leaving ÷ Average number of staff) × 100

💡 Hint

Leavers ÷ avg staff × 100

Card 3definition

Question

What is appraisal?

Answer

The formal process of assessing an employee's performance — different methods suit different purposes.

💡 Hint

Formal performance assessment

Card 4concept

Question

Four appraisal types?

Answer

Formative (ongoing), summative (end), 360-degree (all directions), self-appraisal.

💡 Hint

F-S-360-Self

Card 5definition

Question

Formative appraisal = ___

Answer

Ongoing, developmental feedback during the year — focuses on improving performance through coaching.

💡 Hint

Ongoing + developmental

Card 6concept

Question

Three costs of high labour turnover?

Answer

Recruitment costs, training costs, lost productivity, loss of experienced staff, damaged morale.

💡 Hint

Recruit, train, productivity

Card 7concept

Question

Labour turnover = (leavers ÷ avg staff) × ___

Answer

100 — expressed as a percentage.

💡 Hint

100

Card 8example

Question

200 employees, 30 leave. Labour turnover?

Answer

(30 ÷ 200) × 100 = 15%

💡 Hint

15%

Card 9concept

Question

Always discuss both ___ AND ___ of turnover in exams

Answer

Causes and consequences — explain why it's high AND what it costs.

💡 Hint

Causes + consequences

Card 10definition

Question

Summative appraisal = ___

Answer

End-of-period evaluation measuring overall performance against targets — often linked to pay/promotion.

💡 Hint

End-of-period + targets

Card 11concept

Question

High turnover means ___; low turnover means ___

Answer

Many staff leaving (costly). Staff staying (stable, experienced workforce).

💡 Hint

Leaving vs staying

Card 12concept

Question

Loss of institutional knowledge means ___

Answer

Experienced leavers take expertise and relationships that are hard to replace.

💡 Hint

Expertise walks out

Card 13definition

Question

360-degree appraisal = ___

Answer

Feedback from managers, peers, subordinates and sometimes customers — complete picture but time-consuming.

💡 Hint

All directions

Card 14concept

Question

Recruitment costs include ___

Answer

Advertising, interviewing, agency fees — all before the new person even starts.

💡 Hint

Ads + interviews + fees

Card 15concept

Question

Some turnover is healthy because ___

Answer

Brings in new ideas, skills and fresh perspectives.

💡 Hint

New ideas + skills

Card 16concept

Question

High turnover can damage team ___ as remaining staff feel unsettled

Answer

Morale — constant departures create uncertainty and extra workload.

💡 Hint

Morale

Card 17definition

Question

Self-appraisal = ___

Answer

Employees evaluate their own performance — encourages reflection but may lack objectivity.

💡 Hint

Self-evaluation

Card 18concept

Question

Always consider WHY turnover is high: ___

Answer

Poor pay, bad management, lack of progression, or competitive labour market.

💡 Hint

Pay, management, progression, market

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Full study notes for Appraisal and labour turnover in practice (HL only)

Topic 2.1 hub

Introduction to human resource management

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