Back to Topic 4.1 — DNA replication
4.1.1Biology12 flashcards

Semi-conservative replication & the Meselson-Stahl experiment

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4.1.1
Question

What is DNA replication?

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All 12 Flashcards — Semi-conservative replication & the Meselson-Stahl experiment

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Card 1definition

Question

What is DNA replication?

Answer

The process of copying a DNA molecule to make **two identical molecules**, done before a cell divides.

Card 2definition

Question

What does 'semi-conservative' replication mean?

Answer

Each new DNA molecule is made of **one original (parental) strand and one new strand**.

Card 3concept

Question

Why does 'semi' (half) appear in the name?

Answer

Because **half** of each new molecule — one whole strand — is **conserved** from the original.

Card 4definition

Question

What is a template strand?

Answer

An **old strand** used as a pattern to build a new complementary strand.

Card 5concept

Question

How are new strands built against each template?

Answer

By **complementary base pairing** — A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.

Card 6concept

Question

What does each daughter molecule contain after replication?

Answer

**One old (parental) strand and one new strand** — never two old or two new together.

Card 7concept

Question

What were the three possible models of replication?

Answer

**Conservative**, **semi-conservative** and **dispersive**.

Card 8concept

Question

How did Meselson and Stahl label the DNA?

Answer

They grew bacteria in **heavy ¹⁵N** (so all DNA was heavy), then switched them to **light ¹⁴N**.

Card 9concept

Question

What did the single intermediate band in generation 1 show?

Answer

Every molecule was half-heavy and half-light (one old + one new strand) — this **ruled out the conservative model**.

Card 10concept

Question

What did generation 2 (intermediate + light bands) show?

Answer

Some molecules were now fully light — this **ruled out the dispersive model**, leaving only semi-conservative.

Card 11concept

Question

What conclusion did Meselson and Stahl reach?

Answer

That DNA replication is **semi-conservative**.

Card 12concept

Question

On a Paper 1A diagram, how do you spot semi-conservative replication?

Answer

Each daughter molecule shows **one old (template) strand paired with one new strand**.

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