The Extended Essay is worth up to 3 bonus points alongside TOK, yet many students lose marks on avoidable mistakes. After reviewing examiner reports and IB guidelines, here are the 10 most common pitfalls — and how to fix them.
1. Your research question is too broad
A vague question like "How does pollution affect the environment?" can't be answered in 4,000 words. Narrow it down to a specific variable, time period, or location.
Fix: Ask yourself: "Can I answer this with the data I can realistically collect?" If not, narrow further.
2. You describe instead of argue
An EE is not a report. Examiners want a sustained argument, not a summary. Every paragraph should advance your thesis.
3. Your introduction doesn't set the scope
A strong introduction states the research question, explains why it matters, and outlines your approach. Many students dive straight into background information instead.
4. Over-reliance on websites
IB examiners expect academic sources: journal articles, books, and official reports. Wikipedia and random blogs don't count.
Fix: Use Google Scholar, JSTOR, or your school library database. Aim for at least 10-15 quality sources.
5. Ignoring the word count balance
Students often write 2,500 words of background and rush the analysis in 1,500 words. The analysis and evaluation should be the longest section.
6. Missing critical evaluation
Top-scoring essays don't just present data — they evaluate limitations, consider alternative explanations, and acknowledge weaknesses in the methodology.
7. Not using your supervisor effectively
You get three mandatory reflection sessions. Come prepared with specific questions and drafts. Don't waste sessions asking "Is this OK?"
8. Rushing the RPPF
The Reflections on Planning and Progress Form (RPPF) is assessed. Write thoughtful reflections after each session — don't leave them until the end.
9. Poor formatting and presentation
Use clear headings, consistent citations (pick one style and stick with it), and include a proper bibliography. First impressions matter.
10. Starting too late
The EE needs months, not weeks. Research alone can take 4-6 weeks. Start early, set monthly deadlines, and give yourself time for at least two full revisions.
Final checklist before submission
- ✓ Research question is clearly stated and focused
- ✓ Every paragraph connects to the research question
- ✓ Analysis outweighs description
- ✓ Sources are academic and properly cited
- ✓ RPPF reflections are thoughtful and complete
- ✓ Word count is within the 4,000 limit
- ✓ At least one person has proofread it