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What is a SWOT analysis?

IB Business Management • Unit 6

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🔍 What is a SWOT analysis?

Big Idea: SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. It's a simple but powerful framework that helps a business understand its current position and plan for the future. Think of it as a health check for the business! 🩺

Internal vs external factors

  • Strengths and Weaknesses are INTERNAL — things the business can control
  • Opportunities and Threats are EXTERNAL — things happening outside the business
S + W = inside the business (you can change them). O + T = outside the business (you must respond to them). 🏢↔️🌍

📋 The four elements

💪 Strengths

  • What the business does well
  • Strong brand, loyal customers, skilled staff, good finances, unique products
  • Internal advantages that give a competitive edge

😓 Weaknesses

  • What the business does badly or lacks
  • Poor cash flow, outdated technology, weak brand, high staff turnover
  • Internal problems that hold the business back

🌟 Opportunities

  • Favourable external factors the business could exploit
  • Growing market, new technology, competitor weakness, government incentives
  • Things happening outside that could help the business grow

⚠️ Threats

  • External factors that could damage the business
  • New competitors, economic downturn, changing laws, rising costs
  • Things happening outside that could hurt performance

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✅❌ Benefits and limitations

  • ✅ Simple and easy to understand
  • ✅ Encourages businesses to think about both internal and external factors
  • ✅ Useful starting point for strategic planning
  • ✅ Highlights areas for improvement and growth
  • ❌ Can be subjective — different people may disagree on what's a strength or weakness
  • ❌ Doesn't prioritise — all factors look equally important
  • ❌ Static — shows a snapshot, not a dynamic picture
  • ❌ Doesn't tell you WHAT to do — just identifies the situation

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