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All 15 Flashcards — Models
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Question
What is a model in ESS?
Answer
A model is a simplified representation of reality used to understand, explain, or predict how a system works.
💡 Hint
Use: simplified + purpose (understand/explain/predict)
Question
Complete the definition: A model is a ______ representation of reality.
Answer
A model is a simplified representation of reality.
💡 Hint
One word: simplified
Question
Name five types of models used in ESS.
Answer
Diagram models, mathematical models, physical models, computer models, and written models.
💡 Hint
5 types: diagram, math, physical, computer, written
Question
Give one example of a diagram model in ESS.
Answer
A food web showing feeding relationships in an ecosystem (e.g., coral reef or pond).
💡 Hint
Diagram = shows relationships visually
Question
Why do we use models in ESS?
Answer
Real environmental systems are too complex to study in full. Models help us focus on the most important features so we can test ideas and make predictions.
💡 Hint
Complex reality -> focus on key features
Question
What is simplification in modelling?
Answer
Simplification is focusing on the important features of a system while leaving out less relevant details.
💡 Hint
Focus key features, leave out details
Question
Give one example of a mathematical model in ESS.
Answer
An equation predicting population growth, such as N = N0 e^(rt), used to model how population size changes over time.
💡 Hint
Math model = equation predicts change
Question
What is the trade-off when using models?
Answer
Simpler models are easier to understand and use, but they are usually less accurate and can miss important details.
💡 Hint
Simple = easier, but less precise
Question
What does trade-off mean in modelling?
Answer
A trade-off is a balance between competing factors: simpler models are easier to use, but may be less accurate.
💡 Hint
Simple vs accurate
Question
Give an ESS example of a model and what it shows.
Answer
A food chain is a model that shows feeding relationships and energy transfer between organisms in an ecosystem.
💡 Hint
Name the model + what it shows
Question
Name any two types of models used in ESS.
Answer
Examples include diagram models and computer models (also mathematical, physical, and written).
💡 Hint
Pick any 2 from the 5
Question
State two limitations of models.
Answer
Models rely on assumptions and may miss important information. Results depend on data quality, so predictions can be inaccurate.
💡 Hint
Assumptions + missing info + data quality
Question
Why must models be updated over time?
Answer
As new evidence and knowledge appear (and values may change), assumptions can become outdated, so models must be revised to stay useful.
💡 Hint
New knowledge -> update assumptions
Question
In an exam definition of model, what two ideas should you always include?
Answer
Always include simplification and purpose: a model simplifies reality to understand, explain, or predict a system.
💡 Hint
Simplification + purpose
Question
In an example of a model exam question, what extra step gets full marks?
Answer
Name the model and state what it shows (e.g., food chain shows feeding relationships).
💡 Hint
Model + what it shows
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Topic 1.2 hub
Models, Systems and Loops
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